1. Mene ne fiber na gani?
Fiber na gani ya ƙunshi gilashin sassauƙaƙƙiya ko igiyoyin filastik da aka ƙera don watsa haske. Masu masana'anta suna samar da waɗannan zaruruwa ta hanyar tsauraran matakai uku: preform ƙirƙira, zane, da shafi.
Fiber optics suna ba da mafi girman bandwidth da nisan watsawa fiye da igiyoyin jan ƙarfe na gargajiya.
Domin suna watsa fitilun hasken gani maimakon igiyoyin lantarki, zaruruwa ne gaba daya rigakafi zuwa electromagnetic tsangwama (EMI).
Wannan ya sa fiber na gani ya zama daidaitaccen matsakaici na zahiri don sadarwa mai tsayi, cibiyoyin bayanai, kuma FTT turawa.
2. Kayan yau da kullun da aka yi amfani da su a cikin zargin Eptical
Silica Glass Fibers
Cibiyoyin sadarwa sun dogara kusan keɓance akan filayen gilashin silica.
- Babban tsarkakakku: Gilashin silica yana ba da ƙarancin ƙima sosai. Wannan yana ba da damar watsa siginar nesa mai nisa tare da ƙarancin asarar bayanai.
- Thermal da Chemical Resistance: Silica yana jure matsanancin yanayin zafi kuma yana tsayayya da lalata sinadarai. Injiniyoyin sun ƙididdige siliki don matsananciyar waje, masana'antu, da kuma mahalli na karkashin ruwa.
- Core Versatility: Masu kera suna zana silica zuwa yanayin guda ɗaya (yawanci 9µm core) da kuma multimode (50µm ko 62.5µm tsakiya) daidaitawa don saduwa da takamaiman buƙatun bandwidth na cibiyar sadarwa.
Filastik na gogewar filastik (POF)
POF yana amfani da kayan polymer, kamar PMMA, maimakon gilashi. Injiniyoyi suna ƙayyade POF don takamaiman, aikace-aikace na gajeren nesa.
Mai Tasiri: Kayayyakin POF da masu haɗa su sun yi tsada ƙasa da tsarin tushen silica.
Babban Girman Core: POF yawanci yana da core 1mm. Wannan babban girman yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tushen haske kuma yana rage lokacin ƙarewa.
Babban sassauci: The filastik yi iyawa m lankwasa radii ba tare da watse. Wannan ya sa POF ya zama manufa don takurawa wurare kamar na'urar wayar hannu ko sadarwar sauti ta gida.
3. Tsarin Fiber Optic Cable
Cikakkiyar kebul na facin fiber na gani yana kunshe da sinadaren fiber na gani mara kyau wanda aka kiyaye shi da yadudduka masu yawa.
- Core: Matsakaicin watsawa na tsakiya. An yi shi da gilashin siliki mai tsafta, yana ɗauke da bugun haske na gani.
- Yin sutura: Gilashin gilashin da ke kewaye da ainihin. Yana da ginshiƙi mai ɗorewa kaɗan kaɗan, wanda ke tilasta haske ya yi waiwaye baya cikin ainihin ta hanyar jimlar tunani na ciki.
- Tufafi: Layer kariya ta farko, yawanci UV-warke acrylate. Yana ba da kariya ga gilashin da ba a saka ba daga micro-scratches da danshi yayin sarrafawa.
- Ƙarfafa Membobi: Aramid yarn (kamar Kevlar®) kewaye da zaren da aka rufe. Wannan yana ba da ƙarfin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi don kare ƙaƙƙarfan ginshiƙin gilashi yayin ja na USB.
- Jaket ɗin waje: Kunshin waje, yawanci extruded daga PVC, LSZH (Ƙananan Hayaki Zero Halogen), ko PE (Polyethylene). Yana kare abubuwan ciki daga lalacewar muhalli.
- Masu haɗawa: Matsalolin ƙarewar jiki. Masu haɗawa suna amfani da madaidaicin yumbu don daidaita ma'aunin fiber daidai don ƙarancin sakawa..
4. Gilashin vs. Filastik na fiber fiber
Amfani da gilashi:
- Kayan abu: Musamman tsarkakakken silica.
- Dorewa: Mafi girman iko tare da ƙarancin sigina game da nesa.
- Farashin: Mafi tsada fiye da filastik Extic na USB.
Amfani da filastik:
- Kayan abu: Polymers kamar acrylate da polyimide.
- sassauci: Mafi sauƙaƙa da sauƙi don aiwatarwa.
- Farashin: Kasa da tsada amma yana buƙatar canji na yau da kullun saboda ƙananan ƙarfi da kuma mafi girman index, Samun su m don watsa bayanan bayanan nesa.
Gilashin fiber na gilashi yana ba da fifiko da ƙura'a don watsa mai nisa, Yayin da fiber fiber na fitarwa samar da sassauƙa da tsada-tasiri ga gajerun nisa.
Fahimtar waɗannan abubuwan haɗin da bambance-bambance bambance-bambance suna taimakawa wajen zabar mafi kyawun fif na fiber da dama don bukatunku.
5. Tsarin Kera Fiber Na gani
Samar da sindarin fiber na gani yana buƙatar madaidaicin sinadari da sarrafa injina. Tsarin yana bin manyan matakai guda uku:
- Aika aikace-aikace: Kafin sabon zaren zaren ya taɓa kowane wuri mai ƙarfi, yana wucewa ta cikin kofin sutura. Fitilolin UV nan take suna warkar da abin rufe fuska na polymer biyu akan gilashin. Wannan yana rufe fiber kuma yana ba da kariya ta injiniya nan take.
- Preform Fabrication: Masu fasaha suna ƙirƙirar m, sandar gilashin silindi da ake kira preform. Wannan preform yana ƙunshe da ainihin bayanin martabar fihirisa na ƙarshe, girman girmansa.
- Tsarin zane: Masu aiki suna ɗora preform ɗin cikin hasumiya mai zane kuma suna dumama shi zuwa kusan 2,000°C. Kamar yadda gilashin ke narkewa, nauyi ya ja shi zuwa cikin ci gaba, microscopic strand. Laser micrometers suna lura da fiber don kiyaye ainihin diamita na waje na 125µm.
Don abin dogara, babban aiki fiber optic igiyoyi, Tuntube mu don ƙarin bayani da saurin magana.
