Umgangatho wentambo ye-fiber optical ayiqalisi kumgca we-cable extrusion. Iqala ngaphambili kakhulu, kunye nekhemistri yeglasi, i-preform, umzobo wenqaba, inkqubo yokwaleka, kunye noqeqesho lovavanyo ngasemva kwayo yonke i-reel yefiber.
Ibalulekile loo nto kuba iintambo ezimbini zinokwabelana ngohlobo olufanayo lwefayibha igama kwaye ziziphathe ngokwahlukileyo ebaleni. Iqhekeza elinye ngokucocekileyo, ibamba ukuthomalalisa okuphantsi, iyasinda kwindlela ye-FTTH, kwaye inika umkhondo ozinzileyo weOTDR. Enye idala ukusilela okuncinci abathi abafakeli bafumanise kuphela emva kokusasazwa.
Umahluko uhlala uvela kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-fiber optical ephezulu.
Esi sikhokelo sichaza indlela ifayibha ye-optical yanamhlanje eyenziwa ngayo ukusuka kwimathiriyeli ekrwada ukuya kwifayibha yokugqibela, kunye nendlela inqanaba ngalinye lokuvelisa elichaphazela ngayo intambo ethi abathengi bayifake ekugqibeleni.
Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwefiber optical kwitsheyini enye
| Iqonga | Kwenzekani | Kutheni kubalulekile kwifiber yokugqibela |
| Iimpahla ezingekasilwa | I-silica ecocekileyo kunye ne-dopants zilungiselelwe ukubunjwa kweglasi | Ukungcola kudala ukuthomalalisa kunye nomngcipheko wencopho yamanzi |
| Ukuveliswa kwangaphambili | Intonga enkulu yeglasi yakhiwe ngesakhiwo esifanayo se-optical njengefiber yokugqibela | I-preform ichaza i-fiber's optical DNA |
| Umzobo weFayibha | I-preform iyafudunyezwa kwaye itsalwe kwi-125µm engenanto yeglasi yefiber | Umzobo wolawulo uzinzo ububanzi, amandla kunye nokuhambelana |
| Ukwaleka | Iileya zepolymer ezinyangwa yi-UV zikhusela iglasi entsha | Umgangatho wokwambathisa uchaphazela ukuxhathisa kwe-microbend kunye nokuthembeka kokuphatha |
| Uvavanyo lomgangatho | I-Optical, Iipropati zejometri kunye nezomatshini zilinganiswa | Iingxelo zovavanyo zingqina ukuba ifayibha ikulungele na ukukheyibhile |
| Ukudityaniswa kwentambo | Ifayibha evavanyiweyo ingena ityhubhu ekhululekileyo, isithinteli esiqinileyo, intambo yokulahla okanye ezinye izakhiwo zentambo | Uyilo lwentambo lukhusela ifayibha kodwa ayinakuphinda ibhale umgangatho wayo ongasentla |
Ityathanga alixoleli. Umzi-mveliso wentambo unokongeza izinto ezingcono ze-sheath, umsonto oqinileyo we-aramid, ukuthintela amanzi okanye isikrweqe, kodwa ayikwazi ukususa ukungcola kwiglasi okanye ukulungisa iprofayili yesalathiso esibi se-refractive emva kokuba i-fiber sele izotyiwe.
Iimpahla ezingekasilwa: ubunyulu buba kukuthomalalisa
Uninzi lwefiber optical luqala nge-high-purity precursors yeekhemikhali. I-Silicon tetrachloride (SiCl₄) yenza isiseko se-silica. Ijelimani tetrachloride (GeCl₄) iphakamisa isalathiso se-refractive kwi-core. I-dopants equkethe i-fluorine inokunciphisa i-index ye-refractive kwimimandla yeglasi ekhethiweyo.
Injongo asikokwenza iglasi ecacileyo. Injongo kukwenza iglasi ethwala ukukhanya kumgama omde kunye nelahleko eqikelelwayo.
Imiba yongcoliseko oluncinci. Iintsimbi zotshintsho zifunxa ukukhanya. Amaqela eHydroxyl (OH⁻) yenza ukufunxa malunga ne-1383nm incopho yamanzi. Ukulawula ukufuma, I-precursor yococeko kunye noqeqesho lokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni ke ngoko lunefuthe lokuthomalalisa phambi kokuba i-preform ibe lusinga.
Kumthengi wentambo, le chemistry enyukayo ichaza umsantsa wamaxabiso oqhelekileyo. Iintsinga ezimbini zinokubanga umgangatho oqhelekileyo, kodwa enye iphuma kwinkqubo yeglasi elawulwa ngokungqongqo. Loo mahluko unokubonakala kamva njengomda wokuthomalalisa osezantsi, uzinzile ngakumbi ukuhanjiswa komgama omde, okanye imiba embalwa engachazwanga yenqanaba le-reel.
Ukuveliswa kwangaphambili: iDNA ebonakalayo yefiber
I-fiber optical preform yintonga enkulu yeglasi enobudlelwane obufanayo bokugquma okungundoqo kunye neprofayili yesalathiso serefractive njengefiber yokugqibela.. Ngexesha lokuzoba, eso sakhiwo sinciphisa ukuya kwi-125µm ifayibha engenanto. Inqaba itshintsha ubungakanani, hayi uyilo olubonakalayo.
Kungenxa yoko le nto i-preform yeyona nto iphezulu yesithintelo sekhonkco.
I-preform imisela okanye inefuthe kakhulu:
- Ukuthotywa
- Ukusasazwa
- Ubude bemaza obunqunyiwe
- Indlela yokuziphatha ebaleni
- I-Multimode bandwidth enokwenzeka
- I-Core-cladding concentricity
- Ubude obuzotywayo kunye ne-tower changeover frequency
Imveliso yepreform yanamhlanje idla ngokuba yimisebenzi emibini eyahlukeneyo. Eyokuqala kukuveliswa kweentonga ezingundoqo, emisela ukusebenza kwamehlo. Okwesibini kukugquma, eyakha i-diameter ye-preform yokugqibela kwaye ichaphazela iindleko zokuvelisa kunye nejometri.
INTONI, I-OVD, I-PCVD kunye ne-MCVD zonke zivela kushishino, kodwa azisebenzi kwinjongo enye. I-VAD kunye ne-OVD ziindlela eziqhelekileyo zokuvelisa i-singlemode eqhelekileyo. I-PCVD yomelele kwiiprofayili zesalathiso ezintsonkothileyo ezinjengemicu ye-multimode ephezulu. I-MCVD isasebenza kuyilo lwefayibha ezikhethekileyo apho ukuchaneka kubaluleke ngaphezu komthamo. Ukuze uthelekiso lwenqanaba lendlela enzulu, bona Iindlela zokwenziwa kweFiber Optic Preform.
Kubavelisi kunye nabatyali-mali abatsha, oku kukwalapho amandla omboneleli eba nzulu. Inkampani ethenga kuphela ifayibha egqityiweyo kunye neentambo ayilawuli indawo efanayo yekhonkco lexabiso njengenkampani enokuxhasa unikezelo lwangaphambili kunye nokuseta inqaba..
Umzobo: ukuguqula i-preform ibe yi-125µm fiber
Inkqubo yokuzoba ifayibha iqala xa amagcisa elayisha ipreform egqityiweyo kwinqaba ethe nkqo yokuzoba. Isithando somlilo esiphezulu sithambisa incam ye-preform, kwaye iglasi etyhidiweyo itsalwa ezantsi ibe ngumtya wefiber oqhubekayo. Umgangatho woshishino weglasi engenanto ububanzi yi-125µm.
Umzobo kulapho i-preform ezinzileyo iba yifiber ezinzileyo okanye ixesha elide lomngcipheko ofihliweyo. Ubushushu besithando somlilo, isantya sokuzoba, Uxinzelelo, ukupholisa kunye nokulawula i-diameter ye-intanethi yonke into. Ukuba inkqubo iyajika, ukwahluka kwedayamitha, iziphene zomhlaba kunye nokungazinzi kokwaleka kulandela.
Ukugquma kunye nokukhuselwa kwe-microbend
Iglasi esandula ukutsalwa yomelele kwithiyori kwaye ibuthathaka kwihlabathi lokwenyani. Ngaphambi kokuba ichukumise nayiphi na indawo yesikhokelo, I-fiber idlula kwi-coating dies kunye neenkqubo zokunyanga ze-UV. Ukwaleka ngokuqhelekileyo kunemigangatho emibini.
Ukwaleka okuphambili kuthambile. Ithoba iglasi kwaye ifunxa uxinzelelo lwe-microbending. Ukwaleka okwesibini kunzima. Ikhusela i-fiber ngexesha lokuphatha, Ikhebula kunye nofakelo.
Iintsinga zemveli zihlala zisebenzisa i-250µm egqunywe ngedayamitha. Uyilo lwentambo zoxinaniso oluphezulu lunokusebenzisa i-200µm iintsinga ukudibanisa inani lefayibha ezininzi kwindawo encinci. Akukho nokuba ngcono ngokuzenzekelayo. I-200µm ifayibha inokuxhasa uyilo lwentambo ezixineneyo, kodwa ishiya umda omncinci woomatshini kulawulo olulambathayo okanye ukusetyenzwa ngqwabalala. I-250µm fiber inika unyamezelo olusekiweyo lokuphatha, nangona ibiza indawo kulwakhiwo oluxinana kakhulu.
| Ukhetho lokugquma | Okona kulungileyo | Inkxalabo yomthengi |
| 250µm ifayibha eqatywe | Intambo yocingo eqhelekileyo, ukunyamezela ukuphatha okubanzi | Idayamitha yentambo enkulu kwizibalo eziphezulu zefayibha |
| 200µm ifayibha eqatywe | Intambo yoxinano oluphezulu, uyilo olunendawo | Ifuna ukugquma okuqeqeshekileyo kunye nolawulo lweekhebhile |
| I-fiber e-Bend-insensitive ene-coating system | I-FTTH, indlela yangaphakathi, ukugoba okuqinileyo | Qinisekisa bend-ilahleko data, hayi nje uhlobo lwefayibha igama |
Cela i-diameter yokwambathisa, ukugxila kokugquma, ulawulo lokunyanga kunye nokukhulula ukusebenza. Kwakhona buza ukuba ngaba uhlobo olufanayo lwefayibha lusetyenzisiwe kwisakhiwo sentambo oceba ukusithenga. Ifayibha evavanya kakuhle iyodwa isenokubandezeleka ukuba uyilo lwekhebula lubangela i-microbending.
UVavanyo loMgangatho kunye neeNdlela zokuSebenza
Uvavanyo kulapho amabango ababoneleli aba bubungqina. Umboneleli wefayibha othembekileyo akafanelanga nje ukuthi ifayibha idibana ne-G.652.D, G.657 okanye iimfuno ze-multimode. It should show batch-level reports.
| Test item | What it reveals | Buyer verification question |
| Attenuation at 1310nm and 1550nm | Transmission loss for singlemode fiber | What is the measured value by batch, not only the limit? |
| Water peak / 1383nm loss | OH contamination and dehydration quality | Is low-water-peak performance verified for this lot? |
| Geometry: cladding diameter, non-circularity, core concentricity | Ukuthoba, connectorization and consistency | Can you provide the geometry report for the drawn fiber? |
| Ububanzi beNdawo / cutoff wavelength | G.652/G.657 design compliance | Which standard and test method apply? |
| Bend-loss test | FTTH and tight-routing reliability | What loss is measured at the specified bend radius? |
| Uvavanyo lobungqina | Mechanical screening for weak points | What proof level is used before shipment? |
| Coating diameter and strip force | Cabling and termination behavior | Has this coating been validated with our cable process? |
| OTDR trace or reel report | Reel-level continuity and event detection | Can you provide reel-by-reel documentation? |
For G.652.D singlemode, the current page states attenuation examples of ≤0.33 dB/km at 1310nm and ≤0.19 dB/km at 1550nm. For G.657 bend-insensitive fiber, it mentions macrobending tests at 5mm or 7.5mm radii. These are useful reference points, but publish them as standard-linked targets only if your team can confirm the exact standard, test method and scope.
Fibconet’s role in the manufacturing chain
Fibconet serves cable-side buyers and upstream manufacturing projects from different angles.
On the cable side, Fibconet supplies fiber optic cable products for FTTH, indoor and outdoor network applications. On the upstream side, Fibconet’s preform equipment page describes optical fiber preforms, optical fiber draw towers and support for complete fiber production lines.
This does not mean every project uses the same supply model. Preform type, drawing capacity, Idayamitha yokwaleka, target fiber standard and testing requirements should be confirmed project by project. But it does mean Fibconet can discuss optical fiber quality before the cable stage, which is valuable for manufacturers, new plant investors and buyers who want more than a finished-cable quotation.
If your project involves upstream fiber production or a new draw line, start with Ubonelelo ngeFactory yeFiber Preform ye-Optical. If your project focuses on cable procurement, continue with Fibconet’s Umvelisi we-fiber optic yentambo page.
Ukuqukumbela
The optical fiber manufacturing process is a chain, not a single machine. Raw material purity becomes attenuation. Preform quality becomes optical performance. Drawing stability becomes dimensional and mechanical consistency. Coating becomes microbend protection. Testing becomes the buyer’s evidence.
Cable quality starts long before the cable is made.
That is the main reason upstream manufacturing knowledge matters. When you understand the process from preform to final fiber, you can compare suppliers more intelligently, explain price differences more convincingly, and choose fiber optic cable with fewer hidden risks.
